Planning of an LVAC Distribution System with Centralized PV and Decentralized PV Integration for a Rural Village

Energy demand is continuously increasing, leading to yearly expansions in low-voltage (LV) distribution systems integrated with PVs deliver electricity users techno-economic considerations. This study proposes and compares different topology planning strategies without a rural area of Cambodia over 30 years planning. Firstly, the optimal radial from transformer end-users provided using shortest path algorithm. Secondly, two phase balancing concepts (i.e., pole load balancing) connection methods power losses energy losses) are proposed compared find topology. Then, integration centralized (CePV) decentralized PV (DePV) into investigated for three scenarios, which zero-injection (MV LV levels), no sell-back price, price. Next, minimum price CePV DePV determined. To optimize balancing, including location size PV, an optimization technique water cycle algorithm (WCA) applied. Finally, economic analysis each scenario based on highest net present cost (NPC), capital expenditure (CAPEX) operational (OPEX) period, evaluated. In addition, technical indicators, such as autonomous time energy, environmental indicator, quantified by CO2 emissions, taken account. Simulation results validate effectiveness method.